“If the book we are reading, does not wake us, as with a fist hammering on our skull, why then do we read it? Good God, we would also be happy if we had no books, and such books as make us happy we could, if need be, write ourselves. But what we must have are those books which come upon us like ill-fortune, and distress us deeply, like the death of one we love better than ourselves, like suicide. A book must be an ice-axe to break the sea frozen inside us.” Franz Kafka
This, my reader friend, is such a book. Potok creates a mesmerizing masterpiece of subtle pressure that is put on a young man at the center of cultural, religious, and societal relationships that are embroiled in massive fluctuations after WWII. A book that you cannot help but examine yourself and thaw the frozen parts of hardness and cruelty found within your own psyche.
Reuven Malter, the young Orthodox Jew protagonist, bears such incredible tension from the relentless tug-of-war instigated by people around him, a tension we relatably find in ourselves since we are surrounded by people from all different backgrounds, beliefs, and experiences that simply are at odds with our own, and at times we simply don’t know what to say or do. By helping one, you inevitably hurt another, and thus the choice must be made of which causes less harm. But the harm that you cause results in your own inevitable guilt and shame, and thus there is no easy answer to be had since every crucial decision is a gamble.
Reuven’s best friend, Danny (whom we met in the The Chosen) is a Hasidic Jew studying to be a psychologist rather than a Rabbi, and this decision puts him at odds with Reuven’s Yeshiva school and particularly with Rav Kalman, a particularly rigid rabbi from the European ghettos and a survivor of the Nazi concentration camps and whose main goal is to keep the Talmud pure with traditional thought. Reuven must get Kalman’s stamp of approval to graduate from the program, or his intense schooling is for naught.
A quick aside: you don’t have to be religious at all to appreciate this book, nor are you preached at. With that being said, there are quite lengthy discussions on the scholarship of the Torah, the Talmud, and the Mishnah that tend to be overly involved and complicated albeit necessary.
Kalman, though, is at deep philosophical and religious odds with Danny’s family - namely with his uncle Abraham Gordon - who represents the progressives, especially since many of the Jews become atheists because of their experiences in the camps, and Gordon at least tries to preserve their culture apart from religion. Kalman writes scathing articles, essentially confirming the excommunication of Gordon, and thus puts incredible pressure on Reuven who visits Gordon because of their mutual acquaintances.
Add to the complicated mix Reuven’s father who published a commentary on the Torah, and was not well received by Kalman and his entourage of dedicated, fanatical pupils who make Reuven’s classes unbearable, with Kalman unfairly singling him out at every turn to use his father’s words against him. Of course, Reuven is caught between supporting his father who is battling his own declining health, and whom Kalman is trying to get excommunicated for his “heretical” manuscript, while trying to simultaneously honor Kalman so that he can graduate.
And then there’s Michael, Abraham Gordon’s son, who has some serious mental illness, and who will only speak with Reuven whom he considers his only friend. Reuven has that understanding, gentle, discerning spirit and wants to help Michael, and seeks the professional help of his best friend Danny, again against the acceptable religious practices of his day. Reuven is deeply disturbed with Michael’s obvious mental decline, yet is highly resistant to Danny’s unorthodox and untested treatment suggestion of solitary confinement to get Michael to engage in talk therapy, with the intent of driving Michael so “crazy” that he would talk to anyone and everyone due to the very natural and human desire of wanting social connection. This highly unethical treatment further puts incredible pressure on Reuven, for he is caught between his complex friendship with Danny (only fully understood by reading The Chosen) and helping a vulnerable, defenseless man whom he knows tangentially but wants to help nonetheless.
I couldn’t help but scream inside when this decision about Michael was being discussed. I know that experiments must be done, but this would be so patently dangerous, particularly with what we know now about the intense psychological harm this causes, and I wanted to protect Michael myself from this wholly destructive manipulation. I get that they didn’t know what else to do, and that it was a gamble they were willing to take, but I felt so helpless at wanting to defend the defenseless.
Yet I see why Kalman, too, held a very vested interest in the experiments on Michael since he had lost nearly all his friends and family members to the ruthless medical procedures done at the hands of the Nazis.
“Each generation thinks it fights new battles. But the battles are the same. Only the people are different.”
So, you’ve got a brilliant mix of psychology, religion, culture, traditional vs. progressivism, loyalty, honor, ethics, and relationships all centering around this young man in a brilliantly crafted novel that succeeds The Chosen.