John Updike has been a favorite writer of mine for 30 years. I finished going through his novels last year. I suppose I'm starting through (at least some of) them again, as I picked Couples as a reread for this year. I've always named Couples as my favorite Updike novel, and it didn't disappoint this second time. My greatest impression the first time was that I had never felt more immersed in the scenes of a book - he has an incredible talent for placing you in a room with people and building an imposing reality around you. Since Couples is largely told as a series of dinner parties, backyard cookouts, town meetings, encounters on the sidewalk and trysts in bedrooms, his facility is ever on display. As I reflect on how the book felt for me on the reread compared with my first experience of it, I'm going to say that the second time it came off as a more cohesive whole, but was felt not quite as viscerally. That is probably true of most rereads. But I don't think I had a different reaction to the characters or to the events reading it at 65 versus at 35.
Updike wrote Couples in 1968, and I thought its setting was exactly contemporary, but actually the Kennedy assassination places its action spread over a little more than a one-year period of 1963 and 1964. We are in Tarbox, Massachusetts, a coastal town 27 miles south of Boston. The first couple we meet is Piet and Angela Hanema. Updike narrates in the third person, but in general Piet is the central character. The Hanemas are part of a group of youngish, married-with-children group that socializes together. The roster of couples includes:
Piet & Angela Hanema
Roger & Bea Guerin
Frank & Janet Appleby
Harold & Marcia Smith
Freddy & Georgene Thorne
Ken & Foxy Whitman
Eddie & Carol Constantine
Ben & Irene Saltz
John & Bernadette Ong
Through the course of the story, at least seven new couples are formed by adulterous unions among them. I don't know how many novels came out with the theme of married couples who freely swapped mates as we experienced the sexual revolution of the 1960's, probably many, but I imagine Couples was one of the most read and commented on. I would really enjoy reading some reviews that were contemporary to the book. I imagine that, regardless of how Updike's views on adultery were interpreted, many reviewers condemned the book as trash, and another portent of society's demise.
Which begs the question of Updike's aim with this book. I believe he was simply using an important societal change as a backdrop for a novel. I could research Updike's personal life to determine whether he was unfaithful to his wives, or vice versa, but one's behavior doesn't necessarily follow one's beliefs anyway, does it ? However, even though Couples wasn't written as a morality tale, Updike could hardly avoid direct and indirect commentary on the factors influencing adultery, and the outcomes of it.
In all of his books Updike enjoys deep looks at relationships between men and women, and the dynamics, balances, power struggles and currency of them. In Couples, more than his other novels, I got the feeling that Updike saw women as physically, and probably morally superior to men. There were times when I heard him saying that men are impossible to love and women are impossible not to love. Here he portrays women's bodies as different forms of perfection, and often quite comically paints the men's bodies and faces as grotesque. Throughout the book, men had equine faces, piscine faces and bodies that were hideous. I actually laughed out loud at some of his descriptions. Men were beings who deserved physical adjectives like "invertebrate, elderly (when they weren't), absurd, ingrown (I'm surprised he didn't add inbred!), gangrenous and twisted." We might easily infer that men are diseased inside as well. Even one of the children chimes in: "Daddy's ugly." And later: "'Daddy's toes,' Nancy said, gazing up impudently from beneath Angela's protection, 'are like Halloween teeth,' and Piet saw that he represented death to this child: that what menaced and assaulted the fragility of life was being concentrated for her in his towering rank maleness; that this process would bring her in time to (her older sister) Ruth's stage, of daring to admire and tame this strangeness; and at last to (her mother) Angela's, of seeking to salvage something of herself, from the encounter with it. He loved them, his women, spaced around him like the stakes of a trap." I hear Updike commenting on men as takers and women as givers, men as crude and women as sculptors and shapers of unwieldy men.
Many of Updike's novels include death as a major theme, and Couples is no exception. It is interesting to see that this theme actually interweaves with his characters thoughts as they experiment with extramarital sex. Perhaps Updike feels that many adulterous couplings arise partially or even primarily out of existential angst / boredom. As the novel opens, we find Piet, a house builder, gazing approvingly at a beautiful old church in town. On top of the steeple is a weathercock that has a copper English penny for an eye. Some of the children of town grow up believing that the rooster is an all-seeing God. So guilt is suggested as well. I was reminded of the optometrist's billboard with the glasses and staring eyes in The Great Gatsby. Harold muses about living with guilt or the threat of it, "The only people who can be themselves are babies and old bastards."
Updike seems to compare sex, especially with forbidden partners, with vibrant life, and compare ended relationships with death. A character in a sentimental and existential mood declares: " ... the ... church and naked women - everything else tells us we're dead."
WARNING: THIS PARAGRAPH CONTAINS SPOILERS
Again, I don't think Updike was making a statement on infidelity when he wrote Couples, but he explores it nevertheless. At one point he refers to "essential fidelity", as if he feels there can be degrees between black and white. At times there are clues to his own views through his characters. One qualifies cheating: " ... but he had never betrayed (his wife) with a social equal." After one man is cheated on, he goes to a couple he respects and asks what he should do, i.e. divorce her or try to work through it. It's easy for the uninvolved to absolve her, while the victim is crushed with grief. Updike certainly doesn't whitewash the serious damages that can be done. There are anger, jealousy, an unwanted pregnancy throwing those involved into a panic, divorces and a gradual dissolution of the group.
To say that Updike's writing is poetic, evocative and lyrical hardly does it justice. I've read few books whose writing quality matches this. There are many passages using stream-of-consciousness writing, both in dreams and in conscious thinking. He loves to look at how our silly brains work: even as a character receives terrible news on the phone, his mind wanders to the oddness of the everyday objects around him.
Finally, more than other writers, Updike is always concerned not only with the cerebral and existential parts of life, but also with the corporal. His characters have bodies that eat and digest - sometimes poorly - and eliminate and have sex and age and hurt and feel illness. He does sex scenes very well - his lovers make romance novel sex scenes look like comic books compared to his Botticelli-, Rubens- and Renoir-inspired visions.