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384 pages, Hardcover
First published May 1, 2012
The conventional view is that Ayman al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian doctor and al-Qaeda’s longtime second in command, was bin Laden’s “brain.” But in making the most important strategic shift in al-Qaeda’s history—identifying the United States as its key enemy, rather than Middle-Eastern regimes—bin Laden brushed aside Zawahiri’s obsessive focus on overthrowing the Egyptian government. Bin Laden also kept Zawahiri in the dark for years about al-Qaeda’s most important operation—the planning for the 9/11 attacks—apprising his deputy only during the summer of 2001.He offers the not shocking evaluation that
Mullah Omar was a dim-witted fanatic with significant delusions of grandeur who believed he was on a mission from Allah.He also takes to task the notion that it was the intention of UBL and Al-Qaeda, by their actions, to draw the USA into a military quagmire.
This was post facto rationalization of al-Qaeda’s strategic failure. The whole point of the 9/11 attacks had been to get the United States out of the Muslim world, not to provoke it into invading and occupying Afghanistan and overthrowing al-Qaeda’s closest ideological ally, the Taliban. September 11, in fact, resembled Pearl Harbor. Just as the Japanese scored a tremendous tactical victory on December 7, 1941, they also set in motion a chain of events that led to the eventual collapse of imperial Japan. So, too, the 9/11 attacks set in motion a chain of events that would lead to the destruction of much of al-Qaeda and, eventually, the death of its leader.There are more like this. Bergen looks at the effectiveness of torture as a source of useful intelligence, the growth of the Joint Special Operations Command, the change in approach re drone strikes in tribal Pakistan, the tricky relationship between the US and Pakistan, how US intelligence tracked their man down, the decision-making process, and details of the raid. Then he follows up with an analysis of the significance of al-Qaeda in the world today.
First, he pulls off the neat trick most successfully done in Ron Howard's retelling of the "Apollo 13" mission of wringing tension and drama out of a story despite the fact that the outcome is known. At one point SEAL Team Six's $60million stealth Blackhawk loses a rotor blade against a high concrete wall inside the Bin Laden compound disabling it, waking the neighbors and stranding the SEAL's. These pages read as dramatically as any Tom Clancy cold war spy v. spy nail-biter.
Second, Bergen keeps things moving along during the nine or so years between Bin Laden's narrow escape at Afghanistan's Tora Bora and when the CIA finally picked up his trail in the Islamabad suburbs. Bergen manages to fill the prolonged lack of progress with satisfying technical insight on the efforts of the CIA and NSA to track the terrorist.
The book also succeeds as an object lesson for managers in making high-risk decisions with limited information. President Obama faced a roughly 50/50 shot that Bin Laden was hiding where the CIA thought he was. Based circumstantial intel (the main argument for the idea that it indeed was Bin Laden holed up in the complex was the lack of evidence that he was somewhere else) Obama faced the decision to invade a sovereign country and killing some random stranger versus letting the most wanted man since Adolf Hitler escape. Either mistake would have cost him the U.S. presidency.
In short, while the book's main audience draws from the Robert Ludlum anyone who appreciates justice and the truly evil getting what they deserve should find this a satisfying read.