ریشه های مسیحیت در اسناد بحرالمیت

by Jean Daniélou (نویسنده), علی مهدیزاده (مترجم)

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Genres: History, Religion

160 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1383

About the author

Jean Daniélou S.J. (1905–1974) was a theologian, historian, cardinal and a member of the Académie Française.

Jean-Guenolé-Marie Daniélou was born at Neuilly-sur-Seine, son of Charles and Madeleine (née Clamorgan). His father was an anticlerical politician, several times minister, and his mother an educator and founder of institutions for women's education. His brother Alain (1907–1964) was a noted Indologist.

Daniélou studied at the Sorbonne, and passed his agrégation in Grammar in 1927. He joined the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1929, becoming an educator, initially at a boys' school in Poitiers. He subsequently studied theology at Fourvière in Lyon under Henri de Lubac, who introduced him to patristics, the study of the Fathers of the Church. He was ordained in 1938.

During World War II, he served with the Armée de l'Air (Air Force) in 1939–1940. He was demobilised and returned to civilian life. He received his doctorate in theology in 1942 and was appointed chaplain to the ENSJF, the female section of the École Normale Supérieure, at Sèvres. It was at this time that he began his own writings on patristics. He was one of the founders of the Sources Chrétiennes collection. In 1944 he was made Professor of Early Christian History at the Institut Catholique de Paris, and later became dean. Beginning in the 1950s, he produced several historical studies, including The Bible and the Liturgy, The Lord of History, and From Shadows to Reality, that provided a major impetus to the development of Covenantal Theology.

At the request of Pope John XXIII, he served as an expert to the Second Vatican Council, and in 1969 was consecrated as a bishop and made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI. He was elected to the Académie Française on 9 November 1972, to succeed Cardinal Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant.

His unexpected death in 1974, in the home of a prostitute, was very diversely interpreted. He died on the stairs of a brothel that he was visiting. It turned out he was bringing her money to pay for the bail of her lover. Thanks to a group including Henri Marrou, his reputation was cleared.

Reviews

[Erik Graff · Rating 2 out of 5]

This book, first published in 1958, is an early Catholic appropriation and analysis of such of the Dead Sea Scrolls as were available at that time. It is an apologetical work, the author being at pains to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and, indeed, to support it by placing the scrolls and their supposed Essene authors and hearers within the Jewish apocalyptical traditions leading up to the Baptist, Jesus and the proto-Christian church. Thus pains are taken to refute the hypothesis that the 'Teacher of Righteousness' was seen as a messiah. Furthermore, the author, a clergyman himself, argues that post-70 Essenic refugees contributed to the early Jesus movement. Incidentally, as evidence of the author's orthodoxy, James, clearly one of Jesus' siblings in the gospels and Acts, is treated instead as his cousin in order to maintain the virginity of Mary.

Although outdated and painfully tendentious, this book would be a worthy candidate for any scholarly review of the history of the appropriation of the scrolls.

[Phil · Rating 2 out of 5]

Engaging and imaginative, though outdated, Danielou's musings in The Dead Sea Scrolls and Primitive Christianity are good fodder with which to stimulate one's appetite for studying the Scrolls, the Essenes, and the roots of early Christian practices.

This book must be taken for what it is, however: a very rough sketch of one scholar's early efforts to understand parts of some of the scrolls before they were fully available and deciphered. The book reads as such. It is diffuse, hasty, and it is loosely written. Nevertheless, it is highly enjoyable if one thinks of it as the daily journal of an uncommonly erudite adventurer during an archeological dig.

Two stars and a hearty recommendation.

[Steve Dustcircle · Rating 3 out of 5]

Concise and easy to read, this book does indeed hit on some important findings about the DSS, but details can be a little fuzzy when compared to other DSS readings I have done. Some of this can be a matter of interpretation, as I doubt the Catholic author is trying to mislead anyone purposely. Because of bias, I was going to give this book a 2-star rating, but leaded toward a 3-star rating as that it's a good "INTRO TO..." mass market book. Additionally, as most scholars know, the Christianities we have nowadays are not eh ones we had in the past. Real Christianit[ies] are long gone, and what exists today is a mutation of what some would call, evolved and newborn Heresy.