Wherein lies the charm of Gil Blas over so many other picaresque novels in the eighteenth century? For that matter, why was this style so popular then, and almost never again since? To address the second question first, there were no roads the way we understand the word, until almost the middle of the eighteenth century, when travel became easier.
Therefore, the idea of a young, usually personable and cheeky young man setting off on a journey, appealed to most people who could a) read, b) fantasise and c) had the means and leisure to enjoy a book about a young scoundrel who was either hanged at the end of his adventures, or like Gil Blas, turns over a new leaf and becomes respectable.
Gil himself is born into a respectable but very poor family. His uncle Perez takes him in hand, gives him a mule, forty pistoles and sends him to Salamanca to complete his education and get a job there. But Gil Blas, in these early chapters, is a compound of cupidity and villainy. When he and his forty pistoles are parted, his adventures begin in earnest, as he is now a victim of other rogues’ greater experience in villainy, and now a cheat and a scoundrel himself. At one point, he is advised to go into service, “as the greatest pickings are to be found in the establishments of gentlemen.” From the home of a mere knight, where he starts as a valet, he works up into an Archbishop’s good books, and thence to royalty itself, and oh then, the fall from royal grace! Repentance follows, and with it, good fortune and peace.
The things that happen to Gil Blas, and the villainies that he perpetrates, could happen to any of us. Given the right circumstances, perhaps we too might be capable of the same peccadilloes. Fortunately, practising medicine without any qualifications on really ill patients is punishable by law today and that is one peccadillo closed to us. And Gil Blas has a loyal servant in Scipio, whose adventures occupy a full quarter of the entire history.
Although its length is formidable, each chapter has enough material for a latter-day sensation novel, and our interest rarely flags; for English speaking readers, is the additional joy of a Tobias Smollett translation. Smollett is known as the first great humorist of the novel, and ‘Gil Blas’ brings out his genius as a satirist. Whether the credit goes to Le Sage or to Smollett is immaterial, the point is that neither gullibility nor villainy know any rank or social status. A Duke may be as great a villain as he chooses, he can be taken in by a clever pair of confidence tricksters.
The novel takes some patience to read, as modern readers are too used to action-based plots to be able to enjoy what appears to be a pointless, meandering story going nowhere. But it is precisely in these twists and turns that the genius of Gil Blas, the man and the novel, lies.