This unusual book is a layered feast of two biographies, a meditation on family, society and 20th century history and a critical self analysis of emotions. Vikram Seth shared some of the formative parts of his life with his great uncle Shanti and his remarkable wife, Henny. When he was seventeen years old, Vikram Seth was sent from his home in India to attend school in England. For five or six years, he lived, off and on, at Shanti and Henny’s home in London while going to secondary school and then Oxford University. He became like the son the couple had never had, a result of a tumultuous and horrific period of history and a late marriage. Much later in life, as his own life intertwined at various points with Shanti and Henny, Vikram Seth, now a widely acclaimed author, decided to write the biographies of these two people so important to him as both a tribute and as a way of illuminating historical and social themes. The result is a plunge into a world, strange but somehow familiar, filled with love, wonder, horror and discovery.
Vikram Seth’s journey was an echo, in many ways, of the path “Shanti Uncle” had walked before him. Shanti’s own uncle had sent Shanti from India to Germany when he was seventeen to study to become a dentist. Knowing no German, Shanti ended up living with the Caros, a Europeanised Jewish family in Berlin. A mother with two daughters in their late teens, the Caros needed income after the early death of the father and so they rented out a room in their apartment. When Shanti was interviewed as a prospective border along with a couple of other applicants, the younger daughter, Henny, told her mother “Don’t take the black one”. But the mother ignored her daughter and Shanti and Henny became close friends. Initially, Shanti did not enjoy the study of dentistry but eventually passed the rigorous schedule of exams and earned his qualifications.
This was at the time of the Nazification of Germany in the first half if the 1930s. The book delves deeply into the ascension to power of Hitler, the nefarious enactment of laws through his control of the levers of government and the events that led directly to the holocaust and the second world war. Tying these events directly to individual people whose lives we care about is one of the most powerful aspects of this book. Vikram Seth is a dogged and thoughtful chronicler of how the systems set in place by the Nazis affected Jews and Germans and led to what surely is one of the most horrific chapters in all of human history, a history which has many terrible chapters.
In these reviews I don’t like to present a recap of the story in a “then what happened” fashion, not so much to avoid spoilers but more so to try to focus on the ways I reacted to the substance of the story. One element of this book that I liked is the central love story that rides the storm of war and injustice. It’s an unlikely love story but seems true in so many ways. A believable portrayal of the emotional truth of other people and other relationships is proof of a writer’s powers. Seth proves to have a critically discerning eye for the nuance that lives in the space between married people. He makes every effort to understand Shanti and Henny but is modest enough to let us know that some spaces in the human heart are impenetrable. Similarly, the history of a relationship may make some sense retrospectively but often the role of chance or luck is not sufficiently acknowledged. As events unfold, and chance intervenes, the crucial part of a great story is not that awful or fortunate things happened but how the people affected responded to those events. This is a story that fully illustrates that Stoic idea.
Much of the detail of the story is drawn from letters, many of those left in a trove of material that Henny saved, unbeknownst to Shanti who destroyed most of the photos and letters in his possession saying he couldn’t bear the sadness of viewing them. The letters are a revelation: alternately loving, mundane, emotionally open, tender, hectoring, wise, sad and beautifully written. I don’t think people write letters like this anymore; an artform has been lost and it’s a great pity. A 1947 letter to Henny from an old friend who ended up in Russian occupied East Berlin begins “On the pitiful heaps of rubble that are all that’s left of our beloved old Berlin, white snowflakes fall ceaselessly down from the sky and announce that it is once again winter and somewhere in our unconscious we also become aware that Christmas is at the door.” The book is sprinkled with excepts from letters, telegrams and passages from transcripts of interviews the author conducted. One was a letter from Shanti, who served in the medical / dental unit on the front lines during the Italian campaign in 1944. At the time or writing, he was recuperating in hospital after having his right arm blown off by an artillery shell at Cassino. “This happened on the afternoon of the 16th instant. Some others in my unit were killed, but from my unit I was the only one injured. Is it not irony of fate, that the very day I was hurt, the posting orders for a base hospital had come for me”.
Shanti’s and Henny’s lives were both remarkable in their own ways and illuminate important aspects of human nature and historic events. Shanti was a courageous, intelligent and resilient man, able to rise above adversity. Henny was also courageous, intelligent and resilient, with much more adversity to rise above. Her dearest family members were murdered by the Nazis at Birkenau and Auschwitz, as were many of her friends. She escaped to England in the nick of time where she rebuilt a life, quickly rising to become general manager of a small pharmaceutical company. As husband and wife, Shanti and Henny may have been an unlikely couple, but they seemed utterly devoted to each other while successfully managing the difficult polarities of marriage: autonomy and intimacy, dependence and inter-dependence.
There are many little meditations and some beautiful passages in this complex book. During long and diligent research for the book, Vikram Seth came across many artifacts in the London house that served as a home and dental office for Shanti and Henny. One was a Jewish Bible and one a Jewish prayer-book. Henny was not religious, so Seth guessed that these were books sent to her by her more religious sister who was trapped in Berlin as the Nazi threat insidiously grew. At the end of the prayer book is a summary of the fundamentals of Jewish morality. “Judaism teaches: 1. The unity of mankind. It commands us therefore 2. to love our neighbour, 3. to protect our neighbour and his rights, 4. to be aware of his honour, 5. to honour his beliefs, 6. and to assuage his sorrows. Judaism calls upon us, 7. through work, 8. through the love of truth, 9. through modesty, 10. through amicability, 11. through moral rectitude, 12. and through obedience to authority, 13. to further the well being of our neighbours, 14. to seek the good of our fatherland, 15. and to bring about the loving fellowship of all mankind.” A simple summation of the wisdom of civilizations in all places and times, but rarely well observed by any society in all places and times.
Vikram Seth leaves us with a lovely description of biography. “Behind every door on every ordinary street, in every hut in every ordinary village on this middling planet of a trivial star, such riches are to be found. The strange journeys we undertake on our earthly pilgrimage, the joy and suffering we taste or confer, the chance events that cleave us together or apart, what a complex trace they leave: so personal as to be almost incommunicable, so fugitive as to be almost irrecoverable”.
This is a book that left its mark on me; that is a gift that a great book can give. I am happy Vikram Seth wanted Shanti and Henny to be remembered and that he passed on his love and his insights to me.