فروید

Very Short Introductions #045

by Anthony Storr, حسن مرندی (ترجمه)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
فروید 1856 - 1939
زندگی و منش فروید، از ضربه به خیال پروری، کاوش گذشته، تداعی آزاد، رویاها و انتقال (ترانس فرنس) ، اگو (من)، سوپراگو (ابرمن) و نهاد (اید)، پرخاشگری، افسردگی و پارانویا، لطیفه ها و پسیکو پاتولوژی روزمره، هنر و ادبیات، فرهنگ و دین، فروید درمانگر، راوانکاوی امروز، جاذبه ی روانکاوی

Genres: Psychology, Nonfiction, Philosophy, Psychoanalysis, Biography, History, Science

187 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1989

About the author

Anthony Storr was an English psychiatrist and author. He was a child who was to endure the typical trauma of early 20th century UK boarding schools. He was educated at Winchester, Christ's College, the University of Cambridge and Westminster Hospital. He qualified as a doctor in 1944, and subsequently specialized in psychiatry.

Storr grew up to be kind and insightful, yet, as his obituary states, he was "no stranger to suffering" and was himself allegedly prone to the frequent bouts of depression his mother had.

Today, Anthony Storr is known for his psychoanalytical portraits of historical figures.

Reviews

[Jason Koivu · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book about Freud is so short that I think perhaps I should've gone with mother another.

[فؤاد · Rating 4 out of 5]

مجموعه ى "بنيانگذاران فرهنگ امروز" از نشر طرح نو، يكى از بهترين مجموعه هاييه كه تا حالا در مورد معرفى متفكران خوندم. هم از جهت انتخاب متفكران (تولستوى و گوته، در كنار فرويد و يونگ؛ بودا و عيسى، در كنار كانت و هگل) و هم از جهت سطح و غناى مطالب، و اين نيازمند توضيحه.

بيشتر كتاب ها، يا به معرفى ابتدايى متفكران مى پردازن يا يك جنبه از تفكر اون ها رو به صورت عميق بررسى مى كنن، و بين اين دو سطح كتاب، كتاب هايى كه نقش واسطه رو بازى كنن خيلى محدودن. كسى كه به صورت ابتدايى با هگل يا بودا آشنا شده، و مى خواد يك قدم به اين شناخت غنا و عمق ببخشه، ولى هنوز نمى خواد وارد كتب حرفه اى بشه، خيلى سخت مى تونه كتاب هاى مناسبى پيدا كنه.
اين مجموعه، همون حلقه ى واسطه است، كه به خاطر نادر بودن، بى اندازه ارزشمنده.

[Alan · Rating 4 out of 5]

My final presentation for a class is coming up soon. It is 15 minutes, so naturally I have decided to dedicate FAR too much time to it and read a ton of books, just to convince myself that I did that across my life and that it wasn’t all last-minute dilly dallying. Either way, you can’t get much better than this in terms of being concise and pretty all-encompassing.

Freud is so very interesting to me. Once again, I am reminded of a thought I have had every time I read anything he has done: it almost seems as though he curbed an enthusiasm for for the “edifying” side of humanity in order to “make a dogma” of his ideas, in order to instil some sort of system. More exploration of this soon, I hope.

[Riku Sayuj · Rating 4 out of 5]

The Literary Scientist

I have been toying with the idea of a proper, first-hand reading of Freud. I read this primarily to find out if I should read Freud in depth and to test the waters, so to speak. It has convinced me I should. So full marks to this VSI, which being a VSI, is 4 stars.

Again, being a good VSI, it is good strictly as an introduction but extremely bad if one is looking for a shortcut towards understanding Freud’s theories.

Storr approaches this as an intellectual history. After taking us through what is known of Freud’s personal life, Storr switches attention to the major works and takes the reader through a quick survey of the publications and case studies. This is the most interesting and largest section of the book.

However, Storr’s principal focus is on the practical aspects of Freud’s theoretical construction and development. Hence, he opts to conclude with a glance at the actual practice of modern psychoanalysis - because Freud’s methods have proven to be more important than his theories, which have not stood up to critical scrutiny. On the other hand, Freud’s method, of acceptance of patients and continuing care, though underestimated by Freud himself, is now his most important legacy to his chosen field. (Transference being the mainstay of modern practice)

Even if well known, one of the stand out features was how Storr showcases Freud’s importance to the fields of literature and arts. Freud was a literary genius who dabbled in science and aptly is venerated for his literary legacy than for his scientific legacy.

Freud is indeed one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century, along with Darwin and Marx and merits study. In addition, Freud was also a brilliant writer whose writings retain their charm and brilliance, even today, even in translation.

Storr manages to convey this. He also strikes the fine balance between caution and admiration needed in approaching Freud. As I said, full marks.

[Zahra · Rating 4 out of 5]

کتاب مختصرمفید و خیلی خوبی بود. جذاب هم نوشته شده. در ۱۵۰ صفحه، هم با مهم‌ترین رئوس و ابعاد نظریه‌ی فروید آشنا شدم هم با چکیده‌ی مهم‌ترین نقدهایی که طی دهه‌های بعد به نظریاتش وارد شده. نگاه نویسنده انتقادی است و در عین حال بسیار منصفانه، که نشان‌دهنده‌ی تعمق نویسنده و انس و الفتش با آثارو اندیشه‌های فروید است. // فروید نابغه‌ای بوده عاشق تعمیم و مطلق‌نگری. کتاب توضیح می‌دهد که بخش بسیار زیادی از نظرات فروید اعتبار «علمی» ندارند اما در کنارش این را هم به خوبی نشان می‌دهد که نظرات او در زمان خودش چقدر انقلابی و پیشرو بودند، چه نبوغ و دقت و کنجکاوی اصیلی پشت نگاه فروید به رفتار و سازوکار ذهن انسان وجود دارد، و تئوری‌های او چه اثرات عمیقی براندیشیدن ما گذاشته؛ از خودشناسی گرفته تا شکستن تابوی حرف‌زدن از سکس و سرکوب آن، تا بالابردن میزان تحمل و مدارای ما با دیگران

[Vivian Trương · Rating 4 out of 5]

Khi Freud không đỉnh như bạn vẫn nghĩ!

Phân tâm học mình đã biết đến cũng vài năm, và chính thức biết tới Freud và bộ môn này đầu tiên là thông qua cuốn tiểu thuyết trinh thám TQ Đừng nói chuyện với cô ấy. Sau khi đọc xong bộ đó với ý tưởng ám thị và phân tích những lý thuyết phân tâm học của Freud quá xuất sắc, mình mới bắt đầu muốn tìm hiểu và đọc thêm tư liệu về bộ môn này. Nhưng từ một cuốn tiểu thuyết mà nhảy cái đùng sang Diễn giải giấc mơ và Phân tâm học nhập môn của Freud viết luôn thì sợ là sẽ bị khựng do chưa có nhiều kiến thức lắm về tâm lí học, nên là quyết định đọc cuốn Dẫn luận về Freud này trước.

Và cuốn này không làm mình thất vọng!

Cuốn sách cho mình một cái nhìn rất bao quát từ tiểu sử của Freud, những mối quan hệ, những thành tích trong giai đoạn còn đi học đến khi thành giáo sư tiến sĩ, quãng thời gian ông trở thành bác sĩ đến khi ông dành thời gian nghiên cứu về Phân tâm học một cách ngắn gọn nhưng khá đầy đủ. Hơn nữa, cuốn sách giải thích thêm về từng công trình nghiên cứu cũng như những lý thuyết tâm lí ông đã phát biểu trước công chúng rất cặn kẽ, ví dụ như Chứng trầm cảm, hoang tưởng, chứng tự yêu mình, phức cảm Opiedus, và giải thích gọn về các giấc mơ mà mình thấy khá hay. Các kiến thức này khá đầy đủ và chi tiết, mình note lại khá nhiều. Cái đặc biệt ở đây là tác giả không bênh vực ý tưởng của Freud một cách phiến diện như những người theo chủ nghĩa Freud, mà ông còn đưa ra những nhận xét và các phê bình,những nhà tâm lí học khác dành cho Freud.

Freud không hề hoàn hảo, các lý thuyết của ông đều rất xuất sắc nhưng không phải tất cả đều được đồng tình. Có một vài công trình của ông không nhận được sự ủng hộ của giới học thuật, đặc biệt mình thấy (qua cuốn sách này) Freud có một cách làm quen thuộc như những diễn giải về giấc mơ của ông, những bệnh nhân bị rối loạn phân ly, và các vấn đềmà bệnh nhân đang mắc phải đều được ông quy về một chỗ : vấn đề luôn xuất phát từ những tính dục bị dồn nén tuổi ấu thơ. Điều này có còn đúng hay không thì có lẽ nên tìm thêm những cuốn nghiên cứu Phân tâm học khác để có câu trả lời.
Cái nữa là Freud cũng có cái nhìn khá phiến diện về văn học, nghệ thuật, tôn giáo khi quy tất cả những thứ này cũng đều phát sinh do tính tục bị dồn nén? Và theo như trong cuốn sách, "Freud là người một khi đã đi đến kết luận, rất khó để ông điều chỉnh, đến mức ông ngại lựa chọn những "bằng chứng" ủng hộ các giả thiết của mình". Với cả "Freud là người thuộc về những phát biểu tuyệt đối và không ai được xen vào. Bản thân ông có thể thay đổi hoặc phát triển các lý thuyết của mình, nhưng hầu như không cho ai khác được phép làm như vậy"bị rất nhiều nhà tâm lí lẫn triết gia phê phán. Nhờ cuốn sách này trích dẫn lại mà mình có một cái nhìn rõ hơn về con người Freud.

Hai chương cuối lại quy về bộ môn Phân tâm học và ích lợi thực tiễn của nó, mình khá thích hai chương này vì nó đọc dễ hiểu hơn những chương trước rất nhiều =)) Phần nữa là nó kết luận cái nhìn bao quát về Tâm lí học cũng như những thành quả mà các công trình của Freud mang lại. Trớ trêu thay cho Freud, người luôn quan tâm thành quả nghiên cứu trị liệu hơn là bệnh nhân cần được chăm sóc, lại được danh tiếng nhờ sự tận tụy nhiệt tình lắng nghe với bệnh nhân của mình. Một đoạn trong sách về phần này rất hay mà mình đã quote lại :

"Ông nghĩ phân tích tâm lí nhất định phải kéo dài vì phải có thời gian để xuyên thấu những bí mật trong thời thơ ấy của bệnh nhân. Nhưng những người đau khổ, cô độc lại cần và đánh giá cao một người họ xem là biết cảm thụ, chấp nhận, nhân hậu và liên tục quan tâm đến họ trong thời gian dài, dù sự chấp nhận này có dẫn tới sự loại bỏ triệu chứng hay tăng cường hiểu biết về bản thân hay không."

"Phân tích tâm lí tạo ra một kinh nghiệm độc nhất vô nhị, không giống với bất kì tình huống nào khác của đời sống. Có tình huống xã hội nào khác đưa đến một người lắng nghe toàn tâm, người hết giờ nọ đến giờ kia, năm này sang năm khác, luôn có sự hiện diện khoan dung, thấu hiểu và chấp nhận, một người bạn kiên định, một người thay thế cho cha mẹ, không bao giờ từ chối, không bao giờ giận dữ, trừng phạt? Nhiều bệnh nhân phân tích tâm lí thực hiện điều trị vì họ cảm thấy không ai trước đó từng hiểu hoặc chấp nhận họ, hoặc tin rằng họ không dám tiết lộ cảm xúc thật của mình cho bất kì ai vì nếu làm vậy họ sẽ bị chối bỏ."

Túm cái quần lại là cuốn này khá nhỏ và mỏng, 254 trang thôi, nhưng một trời kiến thức tâm lí thì ngập họng mà mình tô vẽ muốn nát sách! Nhờ nó mà mình đã có một lượng kiến thức đủ no về các chứng bệnh tâm lí hay gặp và về Phân tâm học lẫn con người Freud. Mặc dù điểm trừ nhỏ là một các lí thuyết đọc khá là khó hiểu , chắc do từ chuyên ngành tâm lí khá nhiều không phải chuyên môn của 1 con dân thường như mình. Nhưng nếu bỏ qua vấn đề nhỏ này thì mình khá ưng cuốn sách. Chưa biết nó có quá phiến diện khi nhận xét về Freud không, nhưng xong cuốn này mình nghĩ mình đủ kiến thức để bắt đầu chiến Phân tâm học nhập môn và Diễn giải giấc mơ của Freud rồi! Yeah!

[Ireneo Funyes · Rating 5 out of 5]

Kurgu dışı eserleri yıldızlamıyorum aslında ama Oxford’un bu serisi “çok kısa giriş”ler olma iddiasını taşıyor, bu da bence kitapları genel okurun yorumlayabileceği bir seviyeye çekiyor.

Seriden daha önce okuduğum iki kitabın birini çok beğenmiş birini de sevmemiştim, bu kitabı da çok beğendim. Umarım böyle iyi-kötü arasında salınmaya devam etmez de güzel kitaplar okumaya devam ederim.

Giriş kitabı yazmak çok kolay bir şey değil aslında. Üstelik kitabın yazılma amacına ve hitap etmek istediği kitleye göre çok fazla değişiklik gösterebiliyor. Oxford’un bu serisinin hedefi genelde 100-200 sayfa arası, belli konseptlere, akımlara, alanlara ya da isimlere dair girişin de girişi niteliğinde kitaplar yayımlamak. Şimdiye kadar popüler tarihsel figürlerden biri hakkında okuduğum en sarih eserlerden biriydi bu.

Zizek’in eski bir hocası hakkında söylediği bir şey vardı. “Ona danışmadan önce bana karmaşık, anlamsız gelen şeyler onunla konuştuktan sonra ‘nasıl anlayamamışım ki ben bunu, gayet açıkmış’ dedirtiyor” diyordu. Bu kitap için de aynısını söyleyebiliriz. Freud hakkındaki bütün bu bilgi kirliliğinin ve Freud’un ve psikanalizin çok daha ileri seviyede kullanıldığı okumaların kol gezdiği bir ortamda Anthony Storr’un yazdığı bu kitap elmas gibi parlıyor.

Kitabın tek bir kusuru vardı bence. Öncelikle, Freud’un hatalı olduğu bazı konuları inceliyor yazar ve bunu kesinlikle “yav bu adam da salakmış gitmiş her şeyi seksle açıklamış” yüzeyselliğinde yapmıyoe tabii ki. Yalnız, burada şirazeyi kaçırmamak için Freud’a biraz fazla tolerans gösterdiğini düşünüyorum ben. Bunun haricinde bir kusur bulamadım. Okuyalım okutalım efendim.

[Aurélien Thomas · Rating 4 out of 5]

Introducing Freud and his work, Anthony Storr delivers here 'an attempt to evaluate his more important theories in the light of modern knowledge'. When it comes to 'evaluating', I honestly can't tell if he has failed or succeeded -at the time of reading this I was too ignorant of psychoanalysis and Freud's work (I still haven't read any of his original papers!) and of the debates and controversies it has been stirring, ever since he first put forward some of his most famous assumptions, to have a valid opinion on the matter. What I wanted here was an introduction to the man and his theories. I got it. I would therefore recommend this brief little book to anyone who, like me, is interested yet clueless.

In fact, as a trained analyst who taught psychotherapy at Oxford, you would expect the author to be highly sympathetic to Freud. To some extent he is, acknowledging his overall positive heritage (more tolerance and understanding towards neurosis, sexual deviations, emotional maladaptation...), although I found him trying a bit too hard to make sense of some of Freud's still most dumbfounding claims (the Oedipus Complex is a case in point; as far as I was concerned it still sounds like the mumbo-jumbo from a crank, no matter how he tries to rephrase and reconceptualise it... -but, again: don't take my word for it; I am ignorant of psychoanalysis, here are just my own prejudices). To an other extent, though, he can be critical. After all, Freud wasn't professing in a cultural vacuum. He was a man of his time, and so his theories were also influenced by the morality prevalent in late 19th-early 20th century Europe. It's particularly true when it comes to his opinion on women, and, so, his views on neurosis, hysteria, or, again, the Oedipus Complex. Freud was also working with a very small sample of the population (upper/middle class), he never dealt first hand with mentally ill people (his field of study was neurosis, not psychosis) and, he certainly was an armchair intellectual. What's left of his speculations on the human psyche, then?

Well, if I trust Anthony Storr, his main mistake was to narrow everything down to our libido. If I trust Anthony Storr again, sex is only part of the picture; and many of his disciples will have to challenge this restricted view to offer a better picture. He particularly refers to John Bowlby, which I found quite nice since Bowlby is one of my favourite thinker (I used to work with children, so I always had a soft spot for his impact).

All in all, then, here's a great introduction to a man and his ideas; still controversial to this day despite Freud being hailed as a pioneer. Does he deserves as much credit as he is given, or, has he just happened to stumble upon great insights while formulating dubious assumptions? This book here is too simplistic (or sympathetic) to properly address such debate. At least, this is a great starting point!

[Morgan Blackledge · Rating 4 out of 5]

As you can expect from this series.

This is a very solid primer on Freud’s life and work.

I liked it.

Freud was so profoundly impactful on modernity and on our culture more generally.

We owe his work a great debt of gratitude.

Even though much of Freuds assertions are no longer useful.

Many of his fundamental ideas and techniques persist.

And all modern humans inhabit the psychological world differently as a result.

The final words of the book say it perfectly.

“Although much of it wasn’t true, it was a splendid achievement.”

[Despina Frantzi♡ · Rating 4 out of 5]

Μια ωραια συνοψη των θεωριων του Φρουντ και των εργων του.
Ο συγγραφεας παραθετει συντομα καποια στοιχεια για την ζωη του Φρουντ και στα επομενα κεφαλαια μας παρουσιαζει τις θεωριες του Φρουντ συντομα και περιληπτικα,αναφεροντας τα πιο σημαντικα σημεια.

[Lukasz Pruski · Rating 4 out of 5]

"Where Freud was wrong was in making psychosexual development so central that all other forms of social and emotional development were conceived as being derived from it."

Amen. However, in my view, this is not said strongly enough. But first a disclaimer: In all my 800+ reviews so far on Goodreads I have tried to be as objective and unbiased as I could. I am giving myself a dispensation for this review. It has now been over 50 years since I first read Freud's writings and read about Freud and for all these 50 years I have considered Freud's theories complete nonsense, rubbish, gibberish, and even - in Joe Biden's language - malarkey! To me Freud has always meant Fraud, pseudoscientific fraud.

I reached for this book with curiosity and trepidation: if the author demonstrates that my half-a-century-old perceptions are only biases, will I be able to admit the error of my ways? Luckily, Dr. Anthony Storr, the author of Freud. A Very Short Introduction (1989), quite convincingly demonstrates the major faults and inadequacies of Freud's theory. I do not need to fight my anti-freud bias. I am still allowed to laugh out loud at various idiocies spouted by Freud, such as:

"Freud believed that sublimation of unsatisfied libido was responsible for producing all art and literature."

Dr. Storr quotes numerous sources to identify the potential roots of Freud's misconceptions, such as his "obsessional" (is it the same as "obsessive"?) personality, his tendency to excessive generalization, his lack of experience with severely mentally ill patients. The author also mentions that

"Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings, and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principles of cause and effect."

To me, a dilettante in psychology but a self-avowed probabilist, the strict determinism and overgeneralization are the main reasons for Freud's delusions. I believe that randomness (that manifests itself, for instance, through the context of everything we do) and individual differences between people play crucial role in determining human behavior.

But I, to repeat, an amateur psychologist, also see the third reason of Freud's fallacies: he projected his own sexual hang-ups onto all humans. He built one of the most enduring theories in the history of psychology on his own uneasiness with and awkwardness about all things sexual.

But back to the subject - the book. I very much like how the author succinctly summarizes the major areas of Freud's theoretical work. In Chapters 3 through 6 we read about the phases of infantile sexual development (the oral, anal, phallic, and genital stages - I will refrain from snide remarks), the Oedipus complex. Then free association, interpretation of dreams, and transference. Next comes the structure of the human mental apparatus: ego, id, and super-ego. The human psychological conditions such as aggression, melancholia, depression, and paranoia. The next three chapters are about the psycho-pathology of everyday life, art and literature, and culture and religion. The final three chapters focus on Freud as a therapist and the method of psycho-analysis to which he contributed the most, the state of psycho-analysis today, and its appeal. The author writes:

[...] the general way in which psycho-analysis and other forms of psychotherapy are conducted is still based on Freud's procedure [...]"

Dr. Storr also emphasizes that Freud's most important legacy might be that he taught modern psychotherapists how to listen.

In a rather damning critique Dr. Storr writes

"My own view is that Freud was far more interested in ideas than he was in patients. [...] What was important [to him] was that the cases selected should support his theories about human nature."

What I miss is a diagnosis why Freud's theories gathered such extreme following. Why millions and millions of people bought the bunkum about infantile sexual development being the root of all their problems. Well, I have two answers. First, sex titillates and sex sells. My other answer is even more cynical: Freud's theory gives people a convenient culprit, a reason for their inadequacies, fears, complexes, problems - things that happened to them in their infancy.

A very good, concise, and blessedly critical introduction to the work of Sigmund Freud.

Four stars.

[John-Paul · Rating 4 out of 5]

I cringed a little when I read the introduction, wherein Storr states that he will evaluate Freud's theory in light of contemporary psychoanalytic thought and practice. This is almost always a bad idea. Comparing what someone thought and did then to what we think and do now, as if the writer who was unlucky enough to be born prior to 1970 needs to be corrected about everything, is a surefire way to (1) fail to appreciate what's good about what the pre-now writer was saying and doing and (2) date your own book immediately and ensure it becomes a period piece as you're finishing it.

But the cringe turned out to be premature. This is a really good little book. Storr seems to have been one of those rare birds who knows the theories about human behavior but then can actually treat human beings like human beings, even in a clinical setting. So he's not out to prove Freud wrong so much as show that Freud's ideas emerged from his contact with patients and he constantly revised them (based on further contact with patients) and that Storr's own ideas about Freud and psychoanalysis are based largely on his own work with patients and his reading about other people's work with their patients. This is to say that he's interested in how psychoanalysis helps us to understand and help people and he's less interested in how it creates a totally coherent and non-contradictory theory of human life. He shows that Freud was often at his best when he had similar intentions.

Storr is also sharp when he points out how it was necessary for Freud to think he was being scientific even (especially) when he wasn't, and that Freud showed all the classic signs of the obsessive, and that The Psychoanalytic Movement had cultish beginnings but that doesn't mean that good things didn't come of it. His principle criticism of Freud is that there was too much emphasis on the individual feeling good about himself (and it was usually a himself, even though many of Freud's patients were female) and not enough about the individual being in good relationships, i.e., feeling good with and about other people.

The overviews of Freud's books are well-written and accurate, and the book is a quick and informative read. I also read Richard Wollheim's short "Freud" and that took about 10 times as long to read and I remember nothing about it except for Wollheim's insistence that the abandoned "Project for a Scientific Psychology" was the key to all of Freud's other works.

[Chontiwat Udomsiripat · Rating 4 out of 5]

ฟรอยด์: ความรู้ฉบับพกพา - ผมอ่านเพราะว่านักจิตวิทยาส่วนตัวของผมใช้วิธีของฟรอยด์ในการให้คำปรึกษาแก่ผม อีกอย่างคือเวลาที่ผมอ่านงานการเมืองฝ่ายซ้าย พวกเขามักอ้างถึง “จิตวิเคราะห์” ของฟรอยด์ ผมจึงอยากหาอ่านเรื่องนี้เพิ่มเติมด้วย

หนังสือจะเล่าตั้งแต่ชีวิตในวัยเด็กของฟรอยด์ว่าเขาเกิดขึ้นที่ไหน เติบโตมาอย่างไร อะไรคือสิ่งที่ทำให้เขากลายเป็นนักจิตวิทยาคนสำคัญของโลก และแนวคิดของเขาจะมีสอดแทรกเรื่อย ๆ ในเนื้อหา คือไม่ได้เอาแนวความคิดของฟรอยด์มาให้อ่าน แต่จะสอดแทรกในแต่ละเรื่องอย่างเป็นระยะ ว่าแนวคิดนี้เป็นอย่างไร ใครสนับสนุน ใครคัดค้าน มีผลอย่างไรต่อสังคม

สำหรับผ�� แนวคิดจิตวิเคราะห์ของฟรอยด์จะช่วยให้เราอดทนอดกลั้นต่อคนในสังคมได้ง่ายขึ้นบ้าง เพราะคนในสังคมนั้นเติบโตจากเมล็ดพันธุ์ของโรคประสาทที่ต่างกัน เราควรให้ความสำคัญกับชีวิตวัยเด็กกับลูกหลานของเรา การเลี้ยงดูให้เขาเติบโตอย่างดีจะส่งผลในเรื่องทางอารมณ์ในยามที่เขาเติบโตเป็นผู้ใหญ่ การควบคุมเด็กจึงต้องทำให้ถูกวิธี และครุศาสตร์แบบไทยก็ยากมาก ๆ ที่จะทำให้เด็กไร้ซึ่งบาดแผลทางใจ ไม่ว่าจะที่บ้านหรือโรงเรียนก็ตาม

ประเด็นสุดท้ายคือ ภาษาอ่านง่ายมาก เหมือนอ่านเรื่องเล่าของนักจิตวิทยาคนหนึ่ง ที่มีทั้งคนรักและคนชัง (anti) และปฏิเสธไม่ได้เลยว่า แม้จะชังอย่างไร แนวความคิดของฟรอยด์นั้นสร้างคุณูปการต่อโลกจริง ๆ

[Hamza · Rating 4 out of 5]

Enjoyable, easily understandable and does exactly what it says on the cover

[من · Rating 4 out of 5]

نظریه سایکودینامیک ازنظریه زیگموند فروید درباره شخصیت سرچشمه گرفته است که شخصیت را عمدتا ناهشیار

میداند که برای شناخت آن باید معنای نمادین رفتاروعملکردهای عمیق درونی ذهن را بررسی کرد

نظریه روانکاوی فروید رو چند نکته تاکید دارند که شامل: تجربه های پنج سال اول زندگی برشخصیت

وهویت فرد

دربزرگسالی بسیار تاثیرگذارند بطوری که این تاثیرات جزء لاینفک هویت فرد میشوند.فرایندهای ذهنی ناهشیار

که ازتعارضات دوران کودکی نشات گرفته اند بر رفتار روزمره فرد تاثیر میگذارند وحتی گاه باعث اختلالات

روانی میشوندو رفتارهای انسان اغلب ازتعارضات نشات میگیرد.فروید درتقسیم بندی غرایز به غرایززندگی

ومرگ ،میل جنسی را هم ردیف وهم وزن با میل به آب ومیل به غذا میداند که بقای زندگی فرد درگرو ارضای

آنهاست .اگرچه عقایدی چون اینکه کودکان دارای احساسات جنسی هستند بسیاربحث انگیز شد ولی تفکرات وباورهای

او زنده و پویا و هنوز معتبراست

[Talie · Rating 3 out of 5]

با خواندنش خاطره ی دوران فروید خوانی ام زنده شد.
کتاب بیشتر انتقاد از فروید است تا بیان نظریاتش .
و گاهی هم بسیار غیر منصفانه.
مثلن تئوری هایش را با یافته های جدید درباره ی رویا
و جانور شناسی مقایسه می کند.
کلن فروید عزیز را لگد مالی کرده.
مثلن همان فصل اول می گوید چون فروید از نوع شخصیت
وسواسی بوده و این نوع شخصیت ها تمایل به نظم و کنترل
دارند فروید به سیستم سازی علاقه داشت و این گفته ی
پوپر که روان کاوی علم نیست.
نویسنده جایی می گوید:
اما چنانکه اغلب در مورد نوشته های فروید پیش می آید
در میان این انبوه کاه دانه های گندمی نیز هست.

[Michael Perkins · Rating 3 out of 5]

The author never quite gets to why Freud was disastrously wrong.

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/11/bo...

[Đức Bùi · Rating 5 out of 5]

Đây là cuốn sách thứ 2 mình đọc trong series "Dẫn luận về" (A Very Short Introduction), cũng nằm trong lĩnh vực Tâm lý học( cuốn Thứ nhất mình đọc là "Dẫn luận về tâm lý học). Nếu bạn vẫn chưa biết gì về series thì mình xin cam đoan rằng đây là một dòng sách rất tuyệt vời dành cho những ai không chuyên cũng như là chưa biết gì về một lĩnh vực nào đó như tôn giáo, triết học, tâm lý học và nhiều khía cạnh khác, được viết bởi các giáo sư hàng đầu của mỗi lĩnh vực. Theo như mình tìm hiểu trên Goodreads thì có nhiều cuốn hay những cũng có nhiều cuốn được đánh giá không tốt lắm dựa trên số sao và review của từng cuốn.
Riêng về những cuốn trong lĩnh vực tâm lý học thì mình chỉ có thể nói là quá bá đạo. Vì kiến thức trong mỗi cuốn sách thôi, chẳng hạn như Dẫn luận về Freud mà mình đang viết review đây, cũng đã cung cấp nhiều hơn tất cả kiến thức mà mình học được khi mài đũng quần trên giảng đường để học Tâm lý học và Tâm lý học sức khỏe (mình học trường ĐH Y Phạm Ngọc Thạch). Đặc biệt với cuốn Dẫn luận về Freud là người viết có văn phong cực kỳ lôi cuốn và dễ hiểu, hệ thống hóa được các kiến thức xoay quanh Phân tâm học của Freud.
Với vai trò là một dẫn luận, mình nghĩ cuốn sách này đã làm rất tốt nhiệm vụ của nó. Những quan điểm và thông tin được trình bày tuần tự theo câu chuyện về cuộc đời Freud, một nhà tâm lý học người Áo, mà có lẽ cũng quá nổi tiếng với những ai từng tiếp xúc với tâm lý học rồi, ông cũng là cha đẻ của môn "Phân tâm học". Freud đứng cùng với Darwin và Marx, thành 3 nhà tư tưởng đã làm thay đổi nhiều nhất quan điểm của con người vềchính bản thân trong thế kỷ 20. Phân tâm học cho đến ngày nay đã bao trùm không chỉ tâm lý học mà còn cả văn học, tôn giáo, nghệ thuật,... Có thể nói những quan điểm xoay quanh Phân tâm học đã và vẫn đang gây nhiều tranh cãi, và Phân tâm học Freud sẽ khó được chấp nhận là một môn khoa học thực thụ (tại sao thì mình sẽ để bạn tìm đọc và khám phá nhé). Tuy nhiên cũng không thể nào phủ nhận những đóng góp của Freud trong phương pháp trị liệu tâm lý hiện đại ngày nay, mang đến nhiều giả thuyết đáng suy ngẫm trong tâm lý học, làm tăng sự hiểu biết và khoan dung hơn với nhiều vấn đề tâm lý của con người. Cuốn dẫn luận này cũng giúp mình bác bỏ những hiểu lầm của mình về học thuyết của Freud, đồng thời cũng giúp mình có cái nhìn mới, vừa phê bình xây dựng nhưng cũng tôn trọng những học thuyết của ông. Đọc Freud cũng giống như khi đọc triết học, có thể giúp rèn luyện tư duy phản biện của chính mình, trong cuốn sách này bạn còn có thêm góc nhìn đầy sâu sắc của nhà tâm thần học Anthony Storr, người mà qua cuốn sách này đã cho thấy ông vô cùng tường tận về các công trình của Freud.
Hiện sách có bán trên trang điện tử Fahasa, mình cũng mong các bạn có hứng thú với tâm lý học có thể tìm đọc. Sau khi đọc xong quyển này mình còn định đọc "Dẫn luận về Jung", là quyển dẫn luận được đánh giá còn hay hơn cả cuốn này, tiện giới thiệu luôn với bạn đọc.

[surfmadpig · Rating 4 out of 5]

This was good and interesting. The author certainly seemed impartial in his evaluation of Freud's ideas and writings, although I'm no expert. This book is exactly what it claims to be: an introduction.

Having said that, let's turn to Greek, because I've got some major complaints with the translation. Λεπόν... η μεταφράστρια είναι λέκτορας ψυχολογίας. Δεκτό αυτό. Σε τέτοιες περιπτώσεις όμως η επιμέλεια και η διορθώση πρέπει να είναι ακόμα πιο προσεκτική, γιατί ο νόμος των πιθανοτήτων λέει πως θα γίνουν περισσότερα λάθη. Έχουμε ΔΥΟ άτομα που κάναν διόρθωση-επιμέλεια συν ένα που του καταλογίζεται η "επιμέλεια έργου" (εγώ τουλάχιστον δεν ξέρω τι σημαίνει αυτό). Όλοι αυτοί οι εξαιρετικοί κατάφεραν να βγάλουν ένα βιβλίο με αμέτρητα λάθη στη χρήση της ελληνικής. Εκκνευριστικότερο απ' όλα: σε ολόκληρο το βιβλίο, κάθε φορά που χρησιμοποιείται η λέξη "μια" (και είναι συχνότερα απ' όσες χρειάζεται), ΤΟΝΙΖΕΤΑΙ. Πλήρης άγνοια του κανόνα που λέει πως το μία/μια - όπως και το δύο/δυο - τονίζονται στον γραπτό λόγο ΜΟΝΟ όταν είναι απόλυτα αριθμητικά.

Και μόλις ανακάλυψα το καλύτερο απ' όλα: η μια από τις δυο επιμελήτριες έχει γράψει μαζί με άλλους "Το κόκκινο βιβλιαράκι του κειμενογράφου: Οδηγός για τη σωστή χρήση της ελληνικής γλώσσας στην επικοινωνία", το οποίο αξιόπιστοι κύκλοι μου μηνύουν πως περιέχει πολλά λάθη και ανακρίβειες. Δεν αμφιβάλλω καθόλου.

[Waterfall · Rating 5 out of 5]

Easily understandable and extremely informative, this book explains Freuds theories and is not afraid to criticise them when needed.

[ExtraGravy · Rating 4 out of 5]

I took my time with this little bad boy. Excellent example of this series. The author gave a very fair and honest overview and assessment of Freud and his contribution. Freud is a complicated figure and this book did an excellent job of setting that out before the reader.

[Aidan Elliot · Rating 4 out of 5]

Freud is foundational and yet still flawed as his opinions and practice were good, while his essentialization muddies the strength of the practice of psychoanalytic.

[Morgan Greensmith · Rating 4 out of 5]

yup super weird guy 👍

[Pete · Rating 4 out of 5]

Freud : A Very Short Introduction (1989) by Anthony Storr is a worthy introduction to the life and work of Sigmund Freud. Storr was a psychiatrist who wrote a number of books.

The book covers Freud’s early life and his journey to becoming a psychoanalyst. There are chapters on various theories of Freud’s and some of the books he wrote. Storr does a good job of explaining why Freud is important and that his contribution to thought is important.

Freud winds up being seen as a bit of a fraud by many people today. Storr is generous toward Freud but does describe Freud’s habit of over generalisation and deciding on what was happening and considering other ideas. Storr details what Freud’s legacy has been which includes acknowledging that our sub-conscious is important and that listening and analysis is valuable and that our feelings around sex are often channeled in strange ways.

Freud : A Very Short Introduction is a credit to the series. Freud is a good topic for a Very Short Introduction with a good deal of material to describe as well as being an interesting human being. One person is also not too big a topic for a short book.

[Carlos Paredes · Rating 5 out of 5]

The book both outlines the cultural significance of psychoanalysis while updating and refuting some of Freud's wilder theories. This book hones in not only on the importance of psychoanalysis but Freud as a figure and analyst. The suggested reading in the back is also a great resoruce.

[Justin Goodman · Rating 2 out of 5]

By all accounts an approachable, if mediocre, introduction to Freud's development of his theories published originally in 1989. Since psychoanalysis' introduction in America, and subsequently being "oversold" in the 30s and 50s, Freud (and thus psychoanalysis)'s cultural legacy is a contagious laugh with a contagious disease; his ideas are seen as both wrong to such an extreme that they can't be taken seriously and so harmful that they must be taken seriously. Storr makes no attempt to alter this image. In fact, this is an attempt to distance Freud from then-contemporary psychoanalysis in order to mitigate the damage of the association. Think of Freud as "cancelled."

Storr traces the development Freud's ideas through his biography and, for lack of a better phrase, biographical psychoanalysis. The former is the obvious: tracing the conception of psychoanalysis from Freud's brief study of early neuroscience and hypnosis therapy, through his dismissal of hypnosis as unhelpful & the pivot towards the unconscious, into the tripartite mind (ego, id, superego) and his conception of the "pleasure principle" and the "death instinct." The clear intent is to show Freud's work was defined by the limitations of both the medical sciences and the obsessional behavior that led him to specifically insist psychoanalysis was a "science."

At one point Storr notes that, had Freud spent more than three weeks working with "psychotics," compared to Jung's 9 years of working at an asylum, "he might have constructed a psychopathology based upon psychosis rather than upon neurosis.” Historical contingency is the unspoken point and, by and large, this introduction does a good job making this point. About Freud. Storr is terrible at history generally. Near the end he attributes the repression of homosociality in Western cultures post-Victorian era to Freud's influence, which is the kind of fixation on Freud's importance to socio-political realities (that predate him) that I'd expect from an psychoanalyst.

Things become grim when looking at Storr's attempt at psychoanalyzing Freud. Not because he regularly calls him obsessional, prone to generalized thinking, aggressively possessive of his ideas, and unswervingly convinced of his rightness. But because of how he uses this last claim to explain the spread Freud's theories: “The majority of human beings are only too ready to follow a leader who professes complete conviction, since such a course relieves them from the anxiety inseparable from uncertainty, and from the effort of thinking for themselves.” It's a remarkable act: to assert the human incapacity for reason in a book condemning Freud's original theories as too "instinct" driven.

Still, the book has a PR vibe, redirecting criticism from psychoanalysis to Freud by blankly accepting cultural biases. And while this can be fair in some cases (Freud's formulations have been largely overturned) it comes across as unfair. When Storr points to Freud relating everything to sex, it's hard to ignore that Freud insisted he meant "the all-inclusive and all-embracing Eros of Plato’s Symposium" and not "genital stimulation." Maybe this is just Storr saving people from thinking for themselves? He also mix-positive references libertarian/anti-psychiatrist Thomas Szasz while showing antagonistic skepticism to Jacques Lacan (5 paragraphs after a random anticommunist aside). It's enough to make one leery.

Overall Storr's Very Short introduction is a time capsule of efficient but tired portraits and worn trinkets with new coats of paint.

[Illiterate · Rating 3 out of 5]

A sane assessment. Rejects Freud's scientific pretensions and reductionism. Promotes a heuristic and metaphorical view of his theories.

[Mohamed · Rating 3 out of 5]

Anthony Storr gave you what he promised, a very short and concise introduction to Freud, his life, his work and his beliefs.

I think what the book was lacking was the explanation of a lot of words that was thrown at my face and I didn't know what was the meaning of those word. Especially when he was discussing Philosophy and Psychiatry. But other than this, the book was ok, well written and easy to understand and cope with, the ideas was organized in a pretty manner.

The topic that really intrigued me was Freud's ideas about religion and being an Atheist, even though he came from a Jew descendants. Even at his 80s he didn't regret his beliefs in non-believing.

Other interesting point was when he was describing the case of the young teen girl who tried to commit suicide and was homosexual and how once Freud believed that she had a secret crush on her uncle who had hit on her twice before, No amount of denial from the girl could convince him otherwise. Thank god that Freud isn't a detective or a District Attorney. :)

[Kit]

Good ol' OUP VSI (pronounced 'oopsvee').

During reading, I was reminded repeatedly of the old joke: "Ya' know, Freud's theories don't tell you much about people, but they sure tell you a lot about Freud."

Of course, the latter part's being true does not falsify the former. With Freud we can keep the good and leave the bad.

This epsresso shot of a topic primer is just what I ordered. Anyone criticizing this book wasted their time in reading it: If you are so much smarter than Anthony Storr, then why are you reading an intro tract, huh, Mr. Smart-guy? Perhaps you wish the gates of Freud were guarded by a teacher who would initiate the ignorant with your own views. These primers always strive to be balanced and factual, and (being a novice myself) I'm not sure where Storr could possibly have deviated from those standards.

It's great to see an annotated, concise bibliography: I want to know what I might want to read; I don't care to see that you can name four hundred books you may or may have not read.

[Alok Sharma · Rating 4 out of 5]

Whatever might be your opinion,
1. Freud certainly did a great job in propagating pacifism in the parent-child relationship by associating aggression with his own interpretation on the subject which are generally cultural taboos which no one wants to talk about.
2. His expositions might not have withstood scrutiny his observations are unparallel.

We learned from his life that even though nature is complex enough to understand we should not shy away from our own deeper ideas, our interpretation of nature that are culturally unacceptable or unconventional. Ideas will affect everyone around us and in the larger scheme of progression of the material world will get scrutinized and refined, not only will they be useful to our present understanding but will continue to benefit generation to come.